Br Lose Or Gain Electrons
Most atoms do not have eight electrons in their valence electron shell. Some atoms have only a few electrons in their outer shell, while some atoms lack only one or two electrons to have an octet. In cases where an atom has three or fewer valence electrons, the atom may lose those valence electrons quite easily until what remains is a lower shell that contains an octet. Atoms that lose electrons acquire a positive charge as a result because they are left with fewer negatively charged electrons to balance the positive charges of the protons in the nucleus. Positively charged ions are called cations. Most metals become cations when they make ionic compounds.
- Atoms Gain Or Lose Electrons
- Will Be Gain Or Lose Electrons When Forming An Ion
- Would Be Gain Or Lose Electrons
Bromine's chemical symbol is Br. Bromine has an atomic number of 35 and is part of the halogen group of elements and is considered a diatomic non-metal. A bromine atom has two electrons in its first energy level, eight electrons in its second, 18 electrons in its third and seven electrons in its fourth. How much electrons would bromine have to gain or lose to get 8 valence electrons? Bromine would have to gain one electron in order to obtain a full outer shell of electrons. Name: Per: Ions Worksheet Element # Valence Electrons # Electrons to gain # Electrons to lose Ion Formed/ name Li N O Ca Br S Cl K Mg Be 1 5 None 3 1 None Li +1 / cation N – 3 / anion Questions: 1. If Li loses an electron to another atom, why does it have a have a +1 charge? During a chemical reaction, Bromine (Br) would be expected to. O gain 1 valence electron to have a full octet. O lose 1 valence electron to have a full octet. O gain 7 valence electrons to have a full octet. O lose 7 valence electrons to have a full octet. Terrycarter is waiting for.
Cations
A neutral sodium atom is likely to achieve an octet in its outermost shell by losing its one valence electron.
[ce{Na rightarrow Na^{+} + e^{-}}]
The cation produced in this way, Na+, is called the sodium ion to distinguish it from the element. The outermost shell of the sodium ion is the second electron shell, which has eight electrons in it. The octet rule has been satisfied. Figure (PageIndex{1}) is a graphical depiction of this process.
Anions
Some atoms have nearly eight electrons in their valence shell and can gain additional valence electrons until they have an octet. When these atoms gain electrons, they acquire a negative charge because they now possess more electrons than protons. Negatively charged ions are called anions. Most nonmetals become anions when they make ionic compounds.
A neutral chlorine atom has seven electrons in its outermost shell. Only one more electron is needed to achieve an octet in chlorine’s valence shell. (In table salt, this electron comes from the sodium atom.)
[ce{e^{-} +Cl -> Cl^{-}}]
In this case, the ion has the same outermost shell as the original atom, but now that shell has eight electrons in it. Once again, the octet rule has been satisfied. The resulting anion, Cl−, is called the chloride ion; note the slight change in the suffix (-ide instead of -ine) to create the name of this anion. Figure (PageIndex{2}) is a graphical depiction of this process.
The names for positive and negative ions are pronounced CAT-eye-ons and ANN-eye-ons, respectively.
In many cases, elements that belong to the same group (vertical column) on the periodic table form ions with the same charge because they have the same number of valence electrons. Thus, the periodic table becomes a tool for remembering the charges on many ions. For example, all ions made from alkali metals, the first column on the periodic table, have a 1+ charge. Ions made from alkaline earth metals, the second group on the periodic table, have a 2+ charge. On the other side of the periodic table, the next-to-last column, the halogens, form ions having a 1− charge. Figure (PageIndex{3}) shows how the charge on many ions can be predicted by the location of an element on the periodic table. Note the convention of first writing the number and then the sign on a ion with multiple charges. The barium cation is written Ba2+, not Ba+2.
Contributions & Attributions
This page was constructed from content via the following contributor(s) and edited (topically or extensively) by the LibreTexts development team to meet platform style, presentation, and quality:
Marisa Alviar-Agnew (Sacramento City College)
Henry Agnew (UC Davis)
How can you tell if an element wants to gain or lose electrons?
1 Answer
Atoms Gain Or Lose Electrons
Explanation:
Will Be Gain Or Lose Electrons When Forming An Ion
In general, metals will lose electrons to become a positive cation and nonmetals will gain electrons to become a negative anion. Hydrogen is an exception, as it will usually lose its electron. Metalloids and some metals can be can lose or gain electrons.
This is not always true, as elements such as nitrogen can lose electrons to become positive. When an ionic compound forms, the more electronegative element will gain electrons and the less electronegative element will lose electrons.